Comparing the ultimately available resources of antimony with its current pace of extraction, antimony is one of the scarcest mineral resources, and the ultimately available global resources may be exhausted within a century (see Table 3.2). Theo Henckens, in Governance of the World's Mineral Resources, 2021 7.2.1 IntroductionĪntimony is an element that is used in many applications, for example as a component in flame-retardants, as a catalyst to produce polyester, in lead-acid batteries, and in lead alloys. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists classifies antimony as a suspected human carcinogen. The toxicity of Sb is a function of the water solubility and the oxidation state of the Sb species under consideration. Antimony is absorbed slowly through the oral route, and many antimony compounds are gastrointestinal irritants. Occupational exposures usually occur through inhalation of dusts containing antimony compounds. Most information regarding antimony toxicity has been obtained from industrial exposures. The emission of antimony into the human environment is overwhelmingly the result of human activity approximately half of the antimony used in the United States is recovered from lead-based battery scrap. White metal usually contains tin, lead, or antimony as the chief component. Antimony is used in white metal, a group of alloys having relatively low melting points. In nature, it is found associated with sulfur as stibnite. Gad, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 AbstractĪntimony (Sb CASRN ) is a semimetal element with chemical properties similar to lead, arsenic, and bismuth.
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